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(20) sorbitan monostearate See polysorbate 60.

polysorbate Commercial Source: Typically a composite of animal, vegetable, and synthetic substances. Used in: Gelatin products, salad dressings, baked goods, candy, soups, ice cream, nondairy creamer, artificial toppings, chocolate, pickles, spreads, soft drinks. Examples: Polysorbate 80, polysorbate 60. Definition: A common class of food additive most frequently used to blend together ingredients, such as oil and water, which normally do not blend well. May Be Non-Vegetarian

Product information: Stepan Co., a manufacturer of polysorbates, reports that all polysorbates at their plant are from vegetable sources. Lonza Inc., another manufacturer, reports that their kosher polysorbates are from vegetable oils and their non-kosher poly­sorbates may be from animal fats. PPG Industries, Inc. , which also produces polysorbates, reports that their kosher polysorbates are of vegetable origin.

polysorbate 60 Also known as: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono­stearate. Commercial Source: Typically a composite of animal, vegetable, and synthetic substances. Used in: powdered processed foods, beverage mixes, chocolate coatings, frozen desserts, cakes, dry mixes, doughnuts, artificial chocolate coatings, nondairy whipped cream and creamers, salad dressings not containing egg yolks, vitamin supplements. Defin­ition: A common food additive used to blend together ingredients, such as oil and water, which normally do not blend well. May Be Non-Vege­tarian

Product information: PPG Industries Inc. and Stepan Co., two manufacturers of polysorbate 60, report that they both use vegetable sources.

polysorbate 80 Also known as: polyoxy­ethylene (20) sorbitan mono­oleate. Commercial Source: Typically a composite of animal, vegetable, and synthetic substances. Used in: nondairy whipped cream, nondairy coffee creamers, baked goods, ice cream, frozen custard, shortening, vitamin and mineral supplements. Definition: A common additive used to blend ingredients, such as oil and water, which normally do not blend well. May Be Non-Vegetarian

Product information: PPG Industries Inc. and Stepan Co., two manufacturers of polysorbate 80, report that all of their polysorbate 80 is of vegetable origin.

potassium acid tartrate See cream of tartar.

potassium bitartrate See cream of tartar.

potassium hydrogen tartrate See cream of tartar.

potassium sorbate Also known as: sorbic acid potassium salt. Commercial source: mineral-synthetic. Used in:

cheeses, bread, beverages, margarine, dry sausage, fish, dried fruits, margarine, sherbet, maraschino cherries, tomato juice, pre-peeled carrots, wax cucumbers, chocolate, fresh fruit cocktail, macaroni salads, cheesecake, pie fillings, artificially sweetened jellies and preserves. Definition: A common yeast and mold inhibitor in many foods. Vegan

preservative Also known as: antimicrobial agent, antispoilant. Commercial Source: mineral-synthetic. Examples: sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, potassium sorbate. Definition: The general name for additives used to reduce food spoilage. Typically Vegan

processing aid Commercial Source: animal (egg, milk, or cow-or hog- derived), vegetable, mineral, synthetic. Used in: sugar, wine, juice, beer. Examples: charcoal, papain, gelatin, cow bone filter. Definition: Anything added to food ingredients or foods during processing, and completely (or mostly) removed before being sold. A processing aid is commonly used to aid filtration or remove unwanted color/flavor. May Be Non-Vegetarian

propanoic acid See propionic acid.

propionic acid Also known as: propanoic acid. Commercial Source: synthetic. Exists in: some fruits, flowers, Swiss cheese. Used in: butter, cheese, and fruit flavorings. Also used in some or all of the following: beverages, ice cream, confections, baked goods. Definition: A very common food preservative which is typically found in bread products and cheese. Vegan

propylene glycol Also known as: 1,2-propan-ediol Commercial Source: synthetic. Used in. confections, chocolate products, ice cream emulsifiers, shredded coconut, beverages, baked goods, toppings, spices, icings, meat products.

Definition: A common food additive which is often used in the manufacture of many ingredients Vegan

Product information: Archer Daniels Midland Co. is conducting research on the production of this com­pound from sorbitol, derived from corn.

protease Commercial Source: animal, vege­table, bacterial, fungal. Certain proteases have typical sources. See entries for the examples for more details. Examples: rennin, pepsin, trypsin, papain, bromelain, lactase. Used in: meat tenderizers, sausage curing, dough conditioning, beer. Definition: A general name for all enzymes which break down proteins. May Be Non-Vegetarian

protein Commercial Source: animal or vege­table. Exists in: all living things. Used in: dietary supplements, processed foods. Defin­ition: A major class of nutrients composed of amino acids. May Be Non-Vegetarian

pyridoxine Also known as: vitamin B-6, vitamin B-6 hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxol hydrochloride, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine. Commercial source: synthetic. Exists in: rice, yeast, bran, liver, cereals. Used in: baked goods, beverages and beverage bases, cereals, dairy products, meat products, snack foods, baby food. Definition: A B vitamin which is necessary for the normal utilization of foods. Typically Vegan

Product information: Schiff Products Inc., a manu­facturer of pyridoxine, reports that their method is synthetic.

reducing agent Commercial Source: vegetable, mineral, or synthetic. Examples: bioflavinoids, sulfur dioxide. Definition: A substance used to maintain the taste and