VEG - Страница 7

sources. Thus, they are referred to as “natural" enzymes. Enzymes which are typically from animals include trypsins, pepsins, and lipases. The first two types come from cow or hog sources. The latter type comes from a hog source. Enzymes used in the corn processing industry come from bacterial or fungal sources. When enzymes which have been added to foods are deactivated (through heat or acid treatment, for example), they do not have to be labeled as ingredients. During deacti­vation, the enzymes are dissociated into their com­ponent amino acids. Nova Nordisk does not declare their animal enzymes to be kosher. Some of their microbially-produced enzymes are declared as such. This manufacturer says that the enzymes used in the corn processing industry (used to make corn-derived sweeteners and flour) are derived from microbial sources.

essential oil Also known as: light oil. Com­mercial Source: vegetable. Used in: pickles, processed meats. Example: oil of clove, oil of cumin. Definition: An additive derived from plants and used primarily as a flavoring. Vegan

ethanol See ethyl alcohol.

ethyl alcohol Also known as: ethanol, grain alcohol. Commercial Source: vegetable. Exists in: synthetic form. Used in: candy, beverages, ice cream, baked goods, liquors, beer, wine, sauces, gelatin desserts, pizza crust, vanilla extract. Definition: A basic ingredient in many foods which dissolves other ingredients or makes beverages alcoholic. Vegan

Product information: Archer Daniels Midland Co., one of the world`s leading producers of this sub­stance, derives it from corn.

ethyl vanillin See vanillin.

fat Commercial Source: animal (cow- or hog-derived) or vegetable. Exists in: many foods, especially eggs, dairy, meat, nuts and seeds, and synthetic form. Examples: lard, tallow, palm oil, soybean oil, cocoa butter. Definition: One of the three classes of nutrients necessary for human health. May Be Non-Vegetarian

fatty acid Commercial Source: animal (cow- or hog-derived), vegetable, or synthetic. Exists in: many foods, especially oils. Examples: palmitic acid, stearic acid. Definition: A major com­ponent of fats. May Be Non-Vegetarian

fermentation Used in: the commercial manu­facture of many food ingredients, such as lactic and citric acids, and ethyl alcohol. Definition: A chemical breakdown of carbohydrates through the action of bacteria, molds, and yeasts.

fermentation aid Also known as: malting aid. Commercial Source: vege­table, animal (milk-derived sugar or protein), min­eral, or synthetic. The sugar may have been processed through a cow bone filter. Examples: calcium phos­phate, potassium bromate, malt, sugar. Definition: An additive which promotes fermentation. Typically Vegetarian

fining agent See clarifing agent.

firming agent Commercial Source: Typically mineral. Example: calcium salts, aluminum sulfate. Definition: A firming agent is a type of additive which produces desirable crispness or texture in foods, such as cut fruits and vegetables. Typically Vegan

flavor enhancer Commercial Source: animal (meat or fish extract), or vegetable. Examples: soy sauce, onosodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate. Definition: An additive which makes foods more flavorful, but which has little or no flavor of its own. May Be Non-Vegetarian

foaming agent Also known as: whipping agent. Commercial Source: Typically animal (dairy)-mineral. Example: sodium caseinate. Definition: An additive used to make foods foam or to maintain foamy peaks. Typically Vegetarian

folic acid Also known as: folacin, pteroyl gluta­mic acid. Commercial Source: Typically fungal or synthetic; may be animal- or vegetable-derived. Exists in: liver, yeast, mushrooms, green leafy vegetables. Used in: enriched foods such as flour, baked goods, rice, and macaroni. Defini­tion: A member of the B-vitamin complex which aids in the formation of red blood cells and is essential in normal metabolism. May Be Non Vegetarian

Product information: Schiff Products Inc., a manu­facturer of folic acid, reports that its folic acid is derived from either liver or yeast extract.

fructose Also known as: levulose, fruit sugar, natural sugar. Commercial Source: Typically vegetable, (possibly sugar filtered through a cow bone filter); or animal (insect). Exists in: many fruits, honey. Used in: baked goods, beverages, ice cream. Definition: A sweetener usually derived from corn, sugar beets, or sugar cane. Typically Vege­tarian

fumaric acid Commercial Source: animal, vegetable, synthetic. Commercial use is usually synthetic or corn. Used in: beverages, baked goods, gelatin desserts, confections, dry mixes, jelly, candy, salt substitutes. Definition: An additive which could have several functions in foods or bev­erages, such as being an artificial flavoring. Vegan

gelatin Commercial Source: animal (cow- or - hog-derived). There are "gelatins" which are vegetable or synthetic in some foods on the market. Used in: Puddings, yogurt, ham coatings, marshmallows, sour cream, frozen desserts, cheese spreads, soft drinks, pill capsules, wine and juice. Definition: An animal protein used especially for its thickening and gelling properties. Non-Vegetarian

Product information: Emes Kosher Products is one company which produces vegetarian "gelatin" made from carageenan (a type of seaweed). Note: Not all kosher